source: branches/lib/STAT/ST_ml.cxx

// =============================================================== //
//                                                                 //
//   File      : ST_ml.cxx                                         //
//   Purpose   :                                                   //
//                                                                 //
//   Institute of Microbiology (Technical University Munich)       //
//   http://www.arb-home.de/                                       //
//                                                                 //
// =============================================================== //

#include "st_ml.hxx"
#include "MostLikelySeq.hxx"

#include <ColumnStat.hxx>
#include <AP_filter.hxx>
#include <AP_Tree.hxx>
#include <arb_progress.h>
#include <gui_aliview.hxx>
#include <ad_cb.h>

#include <cctype>
#include <cmath>

DNA_Table dna_table;

DNA_Table::DNA_Table() {
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
        switch (toupper(i)) {
            case 'A':
                char_to_enum_table[i] = ST_A;
                break;
            case 'C':
                char_to_enum_table[i] = ST_C;
                break;
            case 'G':
                char_to_enum_table[i] = ST_G;
                break;
            case 'T':
            case 'U':
                char_to_enum_table[i] = ST_T;
                break;
            case '-':
                char_to_enum_table[i] = ST_GAP;
                break;
            default:
                char_to_enum_table[i] = ST_UNKNOWN;
        }
    }
}

// -----------------------
//      ST_base_vector

void ST_base_vector::setBase(const ST_base_vector& inv_frequencies, char base) {
    base = toupper(base);

    memset((char *) &b[0], 0, sizeof(b));
    DNA_Base     ub = dna_table.char_to_enum(base);

    if (ub != ST_UNKNOWN) {
        b[ub] = 1.0;                                // ill. access ?
    }
    else {
        const double k = 1.0 / ST_MAX_BASE;
        b[ST_A]   = k;
        b[ST_C]   = k;
        b[ST_G]   = k;
        b[ST_T]   = k;
        b[ST_GAP] = k;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < ST_MAX_BASE; i++) { // LOOP_VECTORIZED[!<5.0]
        b[i] *= inv_frequencies.b[i];
    }
    ld_lik = 0; // ? why not 1.0 ?
    lik = 1.0;
}

inline void ST_base_vector::check_overflow() {
    ST_FLOAT sum = summarize();

    if (sum < .00001) {                             // what happend no data, extremely unlikely
        setTo(0.25);                                // strange! shouldn't this be 1.0/ST_MAX_BASE ?
        ld_lik -= 5;                                // ???
    }
    else {
        while (sum < 0.25) {
            sum    *= 4;
            ld_lik -= 2;
            multiplyWith(4);
        }
    }

    if (ld_lik> 10000) printf("overflow\n");
}

inline ST_base_vector& ST_base_vector::operator*=(const ST_base_vector& other) {
    b[ST_A]   *= other.b[ST_A];
    b[ST_C]   *= other.b[ST_C];
    b[ST_G]   *= other.b[ST_G];
    b[ST_T]   *= other.b[ST_T];
    b[ST_GAP] *= other.b[ST_GAP];

    ld_lik += other.ld_lik; // @@@ correct to use 'plus' here ? why ?
    lik    *= other.lik;

    return *this;
}

void ST_base_vector::print() {
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < ST_MAX_BASE; i++) {
        printf("%.3G ", b[i]);
    }
}

// -----------------------
//      ST_rate_matrix

void ST_rate_matrix::set(double dist, double /* TT_ratio */) {
    const double k = 1.0 / ST_MAX_BASE;
    ST_FLOAT exp_dist = exp(-dist);

    diag = k + (1.0 - k) * exp_dist;
    rest = k - k * exp_dist;
}

void ST_rate_matrix::print() {
    for (int i = 0; i < ST_MAX_BASE; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < ST_MAX_BASE; j++) {
            printf("%.3G ", i == j ? diag : rest);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
}


inline void ST_rate_matrix::transform(const ST_base_vector& in, ST_base_vector& out) const {
    // optimized matrix/vector multiplication
    // original version: http://bugs.arb-home.de/browser/trunk/STAT/ST_ml.cxx?rev=6403#L155

    ST_FLOAT sum            = in.summarize();
    ST_FLOAT diag_rest_diff = diag-rest;
    ST_FLOAT sum_rest_prod  = sum*rest;

    out.b[ST_A]   = in.b[ST_A]*diag_rest_diff + sum_rest_prod;
    out.b[ST_C]   = in.b[ST_C]*diag_rest_diff + sum_rest_prod;
    out.b[ST_G]   = in.b[ST_G]*diag_rest_diff + sum_rest_prod;
    out.b[ST_T]   = in.b[ST_T]*diag_rest_diff + sum_rest_prod;
    out.b[ST_GAP] = in.b[ST_GAP]*diag_rest_diff + sum_rest_prod;

    out.ld_lik = in.ld_lik;
    out.lik    = in.lik;
}


// -----------------------
//      MostLikelySeq

MostLikelySeq::MostLikelySeq(const AliView *aliview, ST_ML *st_ml_) :
    AP_sequence(aliview),
    st_ml(st_ml_),
    sequence(new ST_base_vector[ST_MAX_SEQ_PART]),
    up_to_date(false),
    color_out(NULp),
    color_out_valid_till(NULp)
{}

MostLikelySeq::~MostLikelySeq() {
    delete [] sequence;
    free(color_out);
    free(color_out_valid_till);

    unbind_from_species(true);
}

static void st_sequence_callback(GBDATA*, MostLikelySeq *seq) {
    seq->sequence_change();
}

static void st_sequence_del_callback(GBDATA*, MostLikelySeq *seq) {
    seq->unbind_from_species(false);
}


GB_ERROR MostLikelySeq::bind_to_species(GBDATA *gb_species) {
    GB_ERROR error = AP_sequence::bind_to_species(gb_species);
    if (!error) {
        GBDATA *gb_seq = get_bound_species_data();
        st_assert(gb_seq);

        error             = GB_add_callback(gb_seq, GB_CB_CHANGED, makeDatabaseCallback(st_sequence_callback,     this));
        if (!error) error = GB_add_callback(gb_seq, GB_CB_DELETE,  makeDatabaseCallback(st_sequence_del_callback, this));
    }
    return error;
}
void MostLikelySeq::unbind_from_species(bool remove_callbacks) {
    GBDATA *gb_seq = get_bound_species_data();

    if (gb_seq) {
        if (remove_callbacks) {
            GB_remove_callback(gb_seq, GB_CB_CHANGED, makeDatabaseCallback(st_sequence_callback,     this));
            GB_remove_callback(gb_seq, GB_CB_DELETE,  makeDatabaseCallback(st_sequence_del_callback, this));
        }
        AP_sequence::unbind_from_species();
    }
}

void MostLikelySeq::sequence_change() {
    st_ml->clear_all();
}

AP_sequence *MostLikelySeq::dup() const {
    return new MostLikelySeq(get_aliview(), st_ml);
}

void MostLikelySeq::set(const char *) {
    st_assert(0);                                   // hmm why not perform set_sequence() here ?
}

void MostLikelySeq::unset() {
}

void MostLikelySeq::set_sequence() {
    /*! Transform the sequence from character to vector
     * for current range [ST_ML::first_pos .. ST_ML::last_pos]
     */

    GBDATA *gb_data = get_bound_species_data();
    st_assert(gb_data);

    size_t                source_sequence_len = (size_t)GB_read_string_count(gb_data);
    const char           *source_sequence     = GB_read_char_pntr(gb_data) + st_ml->get_first_pos();
    ST_base_vector       *dest                = sequence;
    const ST_base_vector *freq                = st_ml->get_inv_base_frequencies() + st_ml->get_first_pos();

    size_t range_len = st_ml->get_last_pos() - st_ml->get_first_pos();
    size_t data_len  = std::min(range_len, source_sequence_len);
    size_t pos       = 0;

    for (; pos<data_len;  ++pos) dest[pos].setBase(freq[pos], toupper(source_sequence[pos]));
    for (; pos<range_len; ++pos) dest[pos].setBase(freq[pos], '.');

    up_to_date = true;
}

void MostLikelySeq::calculate_ancestor(const MostLikelySeq *lefts, double leftl, const MostLikelySeq *rights, double rightl) {
    st_assert(!up_to_date);

    ST_base_vector        hbv;
    double                lc   = leftl / st_ml->get_step_size();
    double                rc   = rightl / st_ml->get_step_size();
    const ST_base_vector *lb   = lefts->sequence;
    const ST_base_vector *rb   = rights->sequence;
    ST_base_vector       *dest = sequence;

    for (size_t pos = st_ml->get_first_pos(); pos < st_ml->get_last_pos(); pos++) {
        st_assert(lb->lik == 1 && rb->lik == 1);

        int distl = (int) (st_ml->get_rate_at(pos) * lc);
        int distr = (int) (st_ml->get_rate_at(pos) * rc);

        st_ml->get_matrix_for(distl).transform(*lb, *dest);
        st_ml->get_matrix_for(distr).transform(*rb, hbv);

        *dest *= hbv;
        dest->check_overflow();

        st_assert(dest->lik == 1);

        dest++;
        lb++;
        rb++;
    }

    up_to_date = true;
}

ST_base_vector *MostLikelySeq::tmp_out = NULp;

void MostLikelySeq::calc_out(const MostLikelySeq *next_branch, double dist) {
    // result will be in tmp_out

    ST_base_vector *out   = tmp_out + st_ml->get_first_pos();
    double          lc    = dist / st_ml->get_step_size();
    ST_base_vector *lefts = next_branch->sequence;

    for (size_t pos = st_ml->get_first_pos(); pos < st_ml->get_last_pos(); pos++) {
        int distl = (int) (st_ml->get_rate_at(pos) * lc);
        st_ml->get_matrix_for(distl).transform(*lefts, *out);

        // correct frequencies
        // @@@ check if st_ml->get_base_frequency_at(pos).lik is 1 - if so, use vec-mult here
        for (int i = ST_A; i < ST_MAX_BASE; i++) {
            out->b[i] *= st_ml->get_base_frequency_at(pos).b[i];
        }

        lefts++;
        out++;
    }
}

void MostLikelySeq::print() {
    const char *data = GB_read_char_pntr(get_bound_species_data());
    for (size_t i = 0; i < ST_MAX_SEQ_PART; i++) {
        printf("POS %3zu  %c     ", i, data[i]);
        printf("\n");
    }
}

// --------------
//      ST_ML

ST_ML::ST_ML(GBDATA *gb_maini) :
    alignment_name(NULp),
    hash_2_ap_tree(NULp),
    keep_species_hash(NULp),
    refresh_n(0),
    not_valid(NULp),
    tree_root(NULp),
    latest_modification(0),
    first_pos(0),
    last_pos(0),
    postcalc_cb(NULp),
    cb_window(NULp),
    gb_main(gb_maini),
    column_stat(NULp),
    rates(NULp),
    ttratio(NULp),
    base_frequencies(NULp),
    inv_base_frequencies(NULp),
    max_dist(0.0),
    step_size(0.0),
    max_rate_matrices(0),
    rate_matrices(NULp),
    is_initialized(false)
{}

ST_ML::~ST_ML() {
    delete tree_root;
    free(alignment_name);
    if (hash_2_ap_tree) GBS_free_hash(hash_2_ap_tree);
    delete not_valid;
    delete [] base_frequencies;
    delete [] inv_base_frequencies;
    delete [] rate_matrices;
    if (!column_stat) {
        // rates and ttratio have been allocated (see ST_ML::calc_st_ml)
        delete [] rates;
        delete [] ttratio;
    }
}


void ST_ML::create_frequencies() {
    //! Translate characters to base frequencies

    size_t filtered_length = get_filtered_length();
    base_frequencies       = new ST_base_vector[filtered_length];
    inv_base_frequencies   = new ST_base_vector[filtered_length];

    if (!column_stat) {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < filtered_length; i++) {
            base_frequencies[i].setTo(1.0);
            base_frequencies[i].lik = 1.0;

            inv_base_frequencies[i].setTo(1.0);
            inv_base_frequencies[i].lik = 1.0;
        }
    }
    else {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < filtered_length; i++) {
            const ST_FLOAT  NO_FREQ   = 0.01;
            ST_base_vector& base_freq = base_frequencies[i];

            base_freq.setTo(NO_FREQ);

            static struct {
                unsigned char c;
                DNA_Base      b;
            } toCount[] = {
                { 'A', ST_A }, { 'a', ST_A },
                { 'C', ST_C }, { 'c', ST_C },
                { 'G', ST_G }, { 'g', ST_G },
                { 'T', ST_T }, { 't', ST_T },
                { 'U', ST_T }, { 'u', ST_T },
                { '-', ST_GAP },
                { 0, ST_UNKNOWN },
            };

            for (int j = 0; toCount[j].c; ++j) {
                const float *freq = column_stat->get_frequencies(toCount[j].c);
                if (freq) base_freq.b[toCount[j].b] += freq[i];
            }

            ST_FLOAT sum    = base_freq.summarize();
            ST_FLOAT smooth = sum*0.01;             // smooth by %1 to avoid "crazy values"
            base_freq.increaseBy(smooth);

            sum += smooth*ST_MAX_BASE; // correct sum

            ST_FLOAT min = base_freq.min_frequency();

            // @@@ if min == 0.0 all inv_base_frequencies will be set to inf ? correct ?
            // maybe min should be better calculated after next if-else-clause ?

            if (sum>NO_FREQ) {
                base_freq.multiplyWith(ST_MAX_BASE/sum);
            }
            else {
                base_freq.setTo(1.0); // columns w/o data
            }

            base_freq.lik = 1.0;

            inv_base_frequencies[i].makeInverseOf(base_freq, min);
            inv_base_frequencies[i].lik = 1.0;
        }
    }
}

void ST_ML::insert_tree_into_hash_rek(AP_tree *node) {
    node->gr.gc = 0;
    if (node->is_leaf()) {
        GBS_write_hash(hash_2_ap_tree, node->name, (long) node);
    }
    else {
        insert_tree_into_hash_rek(node->get_leftson());
        insert_tree_into_hash_rek(node->get_rightson());
    }
}

void ST_ML::create_matrices(double max_disti, int nmatrices) {
    delete [] rate_matrices;
    rate_matrices = new ST_rate_matrix[nmatrices]; // LOOP_VECTORIZED

    max_dist          = max_disti;
    max_rate_matrices = nmatrices;
    step_size         = max_dist / max_rate_matrices;

    for (int i = 0; i < max_rate_matrices; i++) {
        rate_matrices[i].set((i + 1) * step_size, 0); // ttratio[i]
    }
}

long ST_ML::delete_species(const char *key, long val, void *cd_st_ml) {
    ST_ML *st_ml = (ST_ML*)cd_st_ml;

    if (GBS_read_hash(st_ml->keep_species_hash, key)) {
        return val;
    }
    else {
        AP_tree *leaf = (AP_tree *)val;
        UNCOVERED();
        destroy(leaf->REMOVE());

        return 0;
    }
}

inline GB_ERROR tree_size_ok(AP_tree_root *tree_root) {
    GB_ERROR error = NULp;

    AP_tree *root = tree_root->get_root_node();
    if (!root || root->is_leaf()) {
        const char *tree_name = tree_root->get_tree_name();
        error = GBS_global_string("Too few species remained in tree '%s'", tree_name);
    }
    return error;
}

void ST_ML::cleanup() {
    freenull(alignment_name);

    if (MostLikelySeq::tmp_out) {
        delete MostLikelySeq::tmp_out;
        MostLikelySeq::tmp_out = NULp;
    }

    delete tree_root;
    tree_root = NULp;

    if (hash_2_ap_tree) {
        GBS_free_hash(hash_2_ap_tree);
        hash_2_ap_tree = NULp;
    }

    is_initialized = false;
}

GB_ERROR ST_ML::calc_st_ml(const char *tree_name, const char *alignment_namei,
                           const char *species_names, int marked_only,
                           ColumnStat *colstat, const WeightedFilter *weighted_filter)
{
    // acts as contructor, leaks as hell when called twice

    GB_ERROR error = NULp;

    if (is_initialized) cleanup();

    {
        GB_transaction ta(gb_main);
        arb_progress progress("Activating column statistic");

        column_stat                = colstat;
        GB_ERROR column_stat_error = column_stat->calculate(NULp);

        if (column_stat_error) fprintf(stderr, "Column statistic error: %s (using equal rates/tt-ratio for all columns)\n", column_stat_error);

        alignment_name = ARB_strdup(alignment_namei);
        long ali_len   = GBT_get_alignment_len(gb_main, alignment_name);

        if (ali_len<=0) {
            error = GB_await_error();
        }
        else if (ali_len<10) {
            error = "alignment too short";
        }
        else {
            {
                AliView *aliview = NULp;
                if (weighted_filter) {
                    aliview = weighted_filter->create_aliview(alignment_name, error);
                }
                else {
                    AP_filter filter(ali_len);      // unfiltered

                    error = filter.is_invalid();
                    if (!error) {
                        AP_weights weights(&filter);
                        aliview = new AliView(gb_main, filter, weights, alignment_name);
                    }
                }

                st_assert(contradicted(aliview, error));

                if (!error) {
                    MostLikelySeq *seq_templ = new MostLikelySeq(aliview, this); // @@@ error: never freed! (should be freed when freeing tree_root!)
                    tree_root = new AP_tree_root(aliview, seq_templ, false, NULp);
                    // do not delete 'aliview' or 'seq_templ' (they belong to 'tree_root' now)
                }
            }

            if (!error) {
                tree_root->loadFromDB(tree_name);       // tree is not linked!

                if (!tree_root->get_root_node()) { // no tree
                    error = GBS_global_string("Failed to load tree '%s'", tree_name);
                }
                else {
                    {
                        size_t species_in_tree = count_species_in_tree();
                        hash_2_ap_tree         = GBS_create_hash(species_in_tree, GB_MIND_CASE);
                    }

                    // delete species from tree:
                    if (species_names) {                    // keep names
                        tree_root->remove_leafs(AWT_REMOVE_ZOMBIES);

                        error = tree_size_ok(tree_root);
                        if (!error) {
                            char *l, *n;
                            keep_species_hash = GBS_create_hash(GBT_get_species_count(gb_main), GB_MIND_CASE);
                            for (l = (char *) species_names; l; l = n) {
                                n = strchr(l, 1);
                                if (n) *n = 0;
                                GBS_write_hash(keep_species_hash, l, 1);
                                if (n) *(n++) = 1;
                            }

                            insert_tree_into_hash_rek(tree_root->get_root_node());
                            GBS_hash_do_loop(hash_2_ap_tree, delete_species, this);
                            GBS_free_hash(keep_species_hash);
                            keep_species_hash = NULp;
                            GBT_link_tree(tree_root->get_root_node(), gb_main, true, NULp, NULp);
                        }
                    }
                    else {                                  // keep marked/all
                        GBT_link_tree(tree_root->get_root_node(), gb_main, true, NULp, NULp);
                        tree_root->remove_leafs(marked_only ? AWT_KEEP_MARKED : AWT_REMOVE_ZOMBIES);

                        error = tree_size_ok(tree_root);
                        if (!error) insert_tree_into_hash_rek(tree_root->get_root_node());
                    }
                }
            }

            if (!error) {
                // calc frequencies

                progress.subtitle("calculating frequencies");

                size_t filtered_length = get_filtered_length();
                if (!column_stat_error) {
                    rates   = column_stat->get_rates();
                    ttratio = column_stat->get_ttratio();
                }
                else {
                    float *alloc_rates   = new float[filtered_length];
                    float *alloc_ttratio = new float[filtered_length];

                    for (size_t i = 0; i < filtered_length; i++) { // LOOP_VECTORIZED
                        alloc_rates[i]   = 1.0;
                        alloc_ttratio[i] = 2.0;
                    }
                    rates   = alloc_rates;
                    ttratio = alloc_ttratio;

                    column_stat = NULp; // mark rates and ttratio as "allocated" (see ST_ML::~ST_ML)
                }
                create_frequencies();
                latest_modification = GB_read_clock(gb_main); // set update time
                create_matrices(2.0, 1000);

                MostLikelySeq::tmp_out = new ST_base_vector[filtered_length]; // @@@ error: never freed!
                is_initialized         = true;
            }
        }

        if (error) {
            cleanup();
            error = ta.close(error);
        }
    }
    return error;
}

MostLikelySeq *ST_ML::getOrCreate_seq(AP_tree *node) {
    MostLikelySeq *seq = DOWNCAST(MostLikelySeq*, node->get_seq());
    if (!seq) {
        seq = new MostLikelySeq(tree_root->get_aliview(), this); // @@@ why not use dup() ?

        node->set_seq(seq);
        if (node->is_leaf()) {
            st_assert(node->gb_node);
            seq->bind_to_species(node->gb_node);
        }
    }
    return seq;
}

const MostLikelySeq *ST_ML::get_mostlikely_sequence(AP_tree *node) {
    /*! go through the tree and calculate the ST_base_vector from bottom to top
     */

    MostLikelySeq *seq = getOrCreate_seq(node);
    if (!seq->is_up_to_date()) {
        if (node->is_leaf()) {
            seq->set_sequence();
        }
        else {
            const MostLikelySeq *leftSeq  = get_mostlikely_sequence(node->get_leftson());
            const MostLikelySeq *rightSeq = get_mostlikely_sequence(node->get_rightson());

            seq->calculate_ancestor(leftSeq, node->leftlen, rightSeq, node->rightlen);
        }
    }

    return seq;
}

void ST_ML::clear_all() {
    GB_transaction ta(gb_main);
    undo_tree(tree_root->get_root_node());
    latest_modification = GB_read_clock(gb_main);
}

void ST_ML::undo_tree(AP_tree *node) {
    MostLikelySeq *seq = getOrCreate_seq(node);
    seq->forget_sequence();
    if (!node->is_leaf()) {
        undo_tree(node->get_leftson());
        undo_tree(node->get_rightson());
    }
}

#define GET_ML_VECTORS_BUG_WORKAROUND_INCREMENT (ST_MAX_SEQ_PART-1) // workaround bug in get_ml_vectors

MostLikelySeq *ST_ML::get_ml_vectors(const char *species_name, AP_tree *node, size_t start_ali_pos, size_t end_ali_pos) {
    /* result will be in tmp_out
     *
     * assert end_ali_pos - start_ali_pos < ST_MAX_SEQ_PART
     *
     * @@@ CAUTION!!! get_ml_vectors has a bug:
     * it does not calculate the last value, if (end_ali_pos-start_ali_pos+1)==ST_MAX_SEQ_PART
     * (search for GET_ML_VECTORS_BUG_WORKAROUND_INCREMENT)
     *
     * I'm not sure whether this is really a bug! Maybe it's only some misunderstanding about
     * 'end_ali_pos', because it does not mark the last calculated position, but the position
     * behind the last calculated position! @@@ Need to rename it!
     *
     */

    if (!node) {
        if (!hash_2_ap_tree) return NULp;
        node = (AP_tree *) GBS_read_hash(hash_2_ap_tree, species_name);
        if (!node) return NULp;
    }

    st_assert(start_ali_pos<end_ali_pos);
    st_assert((end_ali_pos - start_ali_pos + 1) <= ST_MAX_SEQ_PART);

    MostLikelySeq *seq = getOrCreate_seq(node);

    if (start_ali_pos != first_pos || end_ali_pos > last_pos) {
        undo_tree(tree_root->get_root_node());      // undo everything
        first_pos = start_ali_pos;
        last_pos  = end_ali_pos;
    }

    AP_tree *pntr;
    for (pntr = node->get_father(); pntr; pntr = pntr->get_father()) {
        MostLikelySeq *sequ = getOrCreate_seq(pntr);
        if (sequ) sequ->forget_sequence();
    }

    node->set_root();

    const MostLikelySeq *seq_of_brother = get_mostlikely_sequence(node->get_brother());

    seq->calc_out(seq_of_brother, node->father->leftlen + node->father->rightlen);
    return seq;
}

bool ST_ML::update_ml_likelihood(char *result[4], int& latest_update, const char *species_name, AP_tree *node) {
    /*! calculates values for 'Detailed column statistics' in ARB_EDIT4
     * @return true if calculated with sucess
     *
     * @param result if result[0] is NULp, memory will be allocated and assigned to result[0 .. 3].
     *        You should NOT allocate result yourself, but you can reuse it for multiple calls.
     * @param latest_update has to contain and will be set to the latest statistic modification time
     *        (0 is a good start value)
     * @param species_name name of the species (for which the column statistic shall be calculated)
     * @param node of the current tree (for which the column statistic shall be calculated)
     *
     * Note: either 'species_name' or 'node' needs to be specified, but NOT BOTH
     */

    st_assert(contradicted(species_name, node));

    if (latest_update < latest_modification) {
        if (!node) {                                // if node isn't given search it using species name
            st_assert(hash_2_ap_tree);              // ST_ML was not prepared for search-by-name
            if (hash_2_ap_tree) node = (AP_tree *) GBS_read_hash(hash_2_ap_tree, species_name);
            if (!node) return false;
        }

        DNA_Base adb[4];
        int      i;

        size_t ali_len = get_alignment_length();
        st_assert(get_filtered_length() == ali_len); // assume column stat was calculated w/o filters

        if (!result[0]) {                           // allocate Array-elements for result
            for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                ARB_calloc(result[i], ali_len+1); // [0 .. alignment_len[ + zerobyte
            }
        }

        for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            adb[i] = dna_table.char_to_enum("ACGU"[i]);
        }

        for (size_t seq_start = 0; seq_start < ali_len; seq_start += GET_ML_VECTORS_BUG_WORKAROUND_INCREMENT) {
            size_t seq_end = std::min(ali_len, seq_start+GET_ML_VECTORS_BUG_WORKAROUND_INCREMENT);
            get_ml_vectors(NULp, node, seq_start, seq_end);
        }

        MostLikelySeq *seq = getOrCreate_seq(node);

        for (size_t pos = 0; pos < ali_len; pos++) {
            ST_base_vector& vec = seq->tmp_out[pos];
            double          sum = vec.summarize();

            if (sum == 0) {
                for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                    result[i][pos] = -1;
                }
            }
            else {
                double div = 100.0 / sum;

                for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                    result[i][pos] = char ((vec.b[adb[i]] * div) + 0.5);
                }
            }
        }

        latest_update = latest_modification;
    }
    return true;
}

ST_ML_Color *ST_ML::get_color_string(const char *species_name, AP_tree *node, size_t start_ali_pos, size_t end_ali_pos) {
    /*! (Re-)Calculates the color string of a given node for sequence positions [start_ali_pos .. end_ali_pos[
     */

    if (!node) {
        // if node isn't given, search it using species name:
        if (!hash_2_ap_tree) return NULp;
        node = (AP_tree *) GBS_read_hash(hash_2_ap_tree, species_name);
        if (!node) return NULp;
    }

    // align start_ali_pos/end_ali_pos to previous/next pos divisible by ST_BUCKET_SIZE:
    start_ali_pos &= ~(ST_BUCKET_SIZE - 1);
    end_ali_pos    = (end_ali_pos & ~(ST_BUCKET_SIZE - 1)) + ST_BUCKET_SIZE - 1;

    size_t ali_len = get_alignment_length();
    if (end_ali_pos > ali_len) {
        end_ali_pos = ali_len;
    }

    double         val;
    MostLikelySeq *seq = getOrCreate_seq(node);
    size_t         pos;

    if (!seq->color_out) { // allocate mem for color_out if we not already have it
        ARB_calloc(seq->color_out,            ali_len);
        ARB_calloc(seq->color_out_valid_till, (ali_len >> LD_BUCKET_SIZE) + ST_BUCKET_SIZE);
    }
    // search for first out-dated position:
    for (pos = start_ali_pos; pos <= end_ali_pos; pos += ST_BUCKET_SIZE) {
        if (seq->color_out_valid_till[pos >> LD_BUCKET_SIZE] < latest_modification) break;
    }
    if (pos > end_ali_pos) {                        // all positions are up-to-date
        return seq->color_out;                      // => return existing result
    }

    for (size_t start = start_ali_pos; start <= end_ali_pos; start += GET_ML_VECTORS_BUG_WORKAROUND_INCREMENT) {
        int end = std::min(end_ali_pos, start+GET_ML_VECTORS_BUG_WORKAROUND_INCREMENT);
        get_ml_vectors(NULp, node, start, end); // calculates tmp_out (see below)
    }

    const char *source_sequence  = NULp;
    GBDATA     *gb_data          = seq->get_bound_species_data();
    if (gb_data) source_sequence = GB_read_char_pntr(gb_data);

    // create color string in 'outs':
    ST_ML_Color    *outs   = seq->color_out  + start_ali_pos;
    ST_base_vector *vec    = seq->tmp_out    + start_ali_pos; // tmp_out was calculated by get_ml_vectors above
    const char     *source = source_sequence + start_ali_pos;

    for (pos = start_ali_pos; pos <= end_ali_pos; pos++) {
        {
            DNA_Base b = dna_table.char_to_enum(*source); // convert seq-character to enum DNA_Base
            *outs      = 0;

            if (b != ST_UNKNOWN) {
                ST_FLOAT max = vec->max_frequency();
                val          = max / (0.0001 + vec->b[b]); // calc ratio of max/real base-char

                if (val > 1.0) {                    // if real base-char is NOT the max-likely base-char
                    *outs = (int) (log(val));       // => insert color
                }
            }
        }
        outs++;
        vec++;
        source++;

        seq->color_out_valid_till[pos >> LD_BUCKET_SIZE] = latest_modification;
    }
    return seq->color_out;
}

void ST_ML::create_column_statistic(AW_root *awr, const char *awarname, AW_awar *awar_default_alignment) {
    column_stat = new ColumnStat(get_gb_main(), awr, awarname, awar_default_alignment);
}

const TreeNode *ST_ML::get_gbt_tree() const {
    return tree_root->get_root_node();
}

size_t ST_ML::count_species_in_tree() const {
    ARB_tree_info info;
    tree_root->get_root_node()->calcTreeInfo(info);
    return info.leafs;
}

AP_tree *ST_ML::find_node_by_name(const char *species_name) {
    AP_tree *node = NULp;
    if (hash_2_ap_tree) node = (AP_tree *)GBS_read_hash(hash_2_ap_tree, species_name);
    return node;
}

const AP_filter *ST_ML::get_filter() const { return tree_root->get_filter(); }
size_t ST_ML::get_filtered_length() const { return get_filter()->get_filtered_length(); }
size_t ST_ML::get_alignment_length() const { return get_filter()->get_length(); }